A PATRIOTIC WOMAN’S STORY: RHODA SMITH FARRAND
For this report, we honor a patriotic woman. After all, none other than Washington Irving spoke of the women of Morristown (in his Life of George Washington series). When talking about the Hard Winter of 1779-1780, Irving said “Exhausted as the State was by repeated drainings, yet, at one time, when deep snows cut off all distant supplies, Washington’s army was wholly subsisted by it. Provisions came in with hearty good-will from the farmers in Mendham, Chatham, Hanover, and other rural places, together with stockings, shoes, coats, and blankets; while the women met together to knit and sew for the soldiery.”
One such woman could have been local patriot Rhoda Smith Farrand (DAR ancestor A038908). Rhoda was married to Bethuel Farrand, a lieutenant with the New Jersey Brigade. According to local legend, Bethuel’s letters to Rhoda from Jockey Hollow described intense suffering in the camp, and she jumped into action. She not only knitted stockings for the soldiers herself, but she went on the road to inspire other women to join the effort. She perched a chair on top of an ox cart so she could knit while she traveled, while her son drove the cart from town to town. She travelled all through the neighboring towns, and within a few days the women had made 133 pairs of stockings.
Rhoda Farrand’s story was memorialized in a poem written by her great granddaughter, who heard it from her mother, who heard it from Rhoda herself. The poem was first published in “Continental Weekly Magazine” on 13 Feb 1884, and has been republished multiple times. A full copy of the poem is below, and is definitely worth the read.
Rhoda’s husband Bethuel suffered for years as an invalid due to battle wounds, and he died in 1794. After that, Rhoda moved to be with family at Bridport, Addison County, Vermont. In 1837 she applied for and received a pension for her husband’s service. She died in Bridport, Vermont in 1839 at 92 years old, and is buried at the Bridport Central Cemetery.
Rhoda Farrand had long been recognized as a DAR patriot, dating all the way back to 1894 when the first member joined under her service. Since then, ten of Rhoda’s descendants have joined DAR through her service, the last joining in the 1980s. There’s even a DAR chapter named in her honor, formed in 1910 as the Rhoda Farrand Chapter, now called the Seth Warner – Rhoda Farrand Chapter in Vergennes, Vermont.
Sadly, Rhoda’s service is no longer accepted by DAR, because the sources are not acceptable. The Morristown Chapter has an ongoing project to find direct evidence of her service and clear her record with the DAR.
RHODA FARRAND
by Eleanor A. Hunter
Let me sing a song to a woman’s praise;
How she proved herself in that time of strife
Worthy of being a patriot’s wife.
A little woman she was, not young,
But ready of wit and quiet of tongue;
One of the kind of which Solomon told,
Setting their price above rubies and gold.
A memory brave clings around her name,
“Twas Rhoda Farrand, and worthy of fame,
Though scarce she dreamed ‘twould be woven in rhymes
In these her grand-daughter’s daughter’s times.
Just out of the clamor of war’s alarms
Lay in tranquil quiet the Jersey farms
And all the produce in barn and shed
By the boys and girls was harvested.
For the winds of winter, with storm and chill,
Swept bitterly over each field and hill.
Her husband was with the army, and she
Was left on the farm at Parsippany,
When she heard the sound of a horse’s feet
And Marshall Doty rode up the street;
He paused but a moment, and then handed down
A letter for Rhoda, from Morristown,
In her husband’s hand – how she seized the sheet!
The children came running with eager feet, –
There were Nate and Betty, Hannah and Dan, –
To list to the letter’ and thus it ran,
After best greeting to children and wife:
“Heart of my heart, and life of my life,”
(I read from the paper, wrinkled and brown,)
“We are here for the winter, in Morristown,
And a sorry sight are our men to-day
In tatters and rags with no signs of pay.
As we marched to camp, if a man looked back,
By the dropping of blood he could trace our track;
For scarcely a man has a decent shoe,
And there’s not a stocking the army through;
So send us stockings as quick as you can,
My company needs them, every man,
And every man is a neighbor’s lad;
Tell this to their mothers, they need them bad.”
Then, if never before, beat Rhoda’s heart,
“Twas time to be doing a woman’s part.
She turned to her daughters, Hannah and Bet:
“Girls, each on your needles a stocking set;
Get my cloak and hood; as for you, son Dan,
Yoke up the steers as quick as you can;
Put a chair in the wagon, as you’re alive;
I will sit and knit, while you go and drive.”
They started at once on Whippany road,
She knitting away while he held the goad.
At Whippany village she stopped to call
On the sisters Prudence and Mary Ball.
She would not go in; she sat in her chair
And read to the girls her letter from there.
That was enough, for their brothers three
Were in Lieutenant Farrand’s company.
Then on Rhoda went, stopping here and there
To rouse the neighbors from her old chair.
Still while she was riding her needles flew,
And minute by minute the stocking grew.
Across the country so withered and brown,
They drove till they came to Hanover town.
There, mellow and rich, lay the Smith’s broad lands;
With them she took dinner and warmed her hands.
Next toward Hanover-Neck Dan turned the steers,
Where her cousins, the Kitchels, had lived for years.
With the Kitchels she supped, then homeward turned,
While above her the stars like lanterns burned;
And she stepped from her chair, helped by her son,
With her first day’s work and her stockings done.
On Rockaway river so bright and clear,
The brown leaf skims in the Fall of the year;
Around through the hills it curves like an arm,
And holds in its clasp more than one bright farm
Through Rockaway valley next day drove Dan;
Boy though he was, he worked like a man.
His mother behind him sat in her her chair,
Still knitting, but knitting another pair.
They roused the valley, then drove through the gorge,
And stopped for a minute at Compton’s forge;
Then on to Boonton, and there they were fed,
While the letter was passed around and read.
“Knit,” said Rhoda to all, “as fast as you can;
Send the stockings to me; and my son Dan,
The first of next week, will drive me down,
And I’ll take the stockings to Morristown.”
Then from Boonton home, and at set of sun
She entered her house with her stockings done.
On Thursday, they knit from morn till night,
She and the girls, with all their might.
When the yarn gave out, they carded and spun,
And every day more stockings were done.
When the wool was gone, then they killed a sheep –
A cosset – but nobody stopped to weep,
They pulled the fleece and they carded away,
And spun and knitted from night until day.
In all the country no woman could rest,
But they knitted on like people possessed;
And Parson Condit expounded his views
On the Sabbath day unto empty pews,
Except for a few stray lads who came
And sat in the gallery, to save the name.
On Monday morn, at an early hour
The stockings came in – a perfect shower –
A shower that lasted until the night;
Black, brown and gray ones, and mixed blue and white.
There were pairs one hundred and thirty-three,
Long ones, remember, up to the knee;
And the next day Rhoda carried them down
In the old ox-wagon to Morristown.
I hear, like an echo, the soldiers’ cheers
For Rhoda and Dan, the wagon and steers,
Growing wilder yet for the chief in command;
While up at “salute” to the brow flies the hand,
As Washington passes, desiring them
To thank Mistress Farrand in the name of his men.
But the words that her husband’s lips let fall
“I knew you would do it!” were best of all.
And I think in these Centennial days
That she should be given her meed of praise;
And while we are singing of ‘Auld Lang Syne.’
Her name, with the others, deserves to shine.
Rhoda Smith Farrand’s mark, from her pension testimony, Pension W17894
National Archives and Records Administration microfilm publication M804
Rhoda Smith Farrand’s gravestone, Find-a-Grave Memorial #66230098
Sources
Armstrong, William Clinton (ed.), Patriotic Poems of New Jersey, NJ: New Jersey Sons of the American Revolution, 1906, pp. 148-152
Barbato, Joan, “Parsippany Heroine Remembered in Rhyme,” The Daily Record, Morristown, NJ, 10 Jun 1984
Berkinn, Carol, Revolutionary Mothers, Women in the Struggle for American Independence, New York: Vintage Books, 2005
Fisher, Carleton Edward and Sue Gray Fisher, Vermont Soldiers, Sailors, and Patriots of the Revolutionary War, Picton Press, 1998, p. 182
Hoskins, Barbara, Men from Morris County New Jersey Who Served in the American Revolution, Morristown, NJ: The Joint Free Public Library of Morristown and Morris County, 1979, pg. 67
Irving, Washington, The Life of George Washington, New York, Thomas Y. Crowell & Co., Vol. 3., pg. 190
Norton, Mary Beth, “The Philadelphia Ladies Association,” in American Heritage Magazine, April/May 1980.
Pension record of Bethuel Farrand, W17894, National Archives and Records Administration, M804, RG15
Sherman, Andrew M., Historic Morristown, New Jersey, Morristown NJ: The Howard Publishing Company, 1905, pp. 322-323
Willis, Charles Ethelbert and Frances Caroline Willis, A History of the Willis Family of New England and New Jersey, Richmond, VA: Whitmore & Garrett Inc., 1917, pp. 130-138
_____, Smith Centennial Memorial: The Descendants of Samuel Smith Bridport, Vermont, Rutland, VT: Tuttle & Co. Publishers, 1872, pp. 15-17